Composite subsea power and fiber optic cable.
Subsea cables (or umbilicals) have been in use since the mid-19th century, initially for telegraphic communications (including the pioneering 1858 transatlantic telegraph cable), and later for power transmission.
The development of subsea power cables has been primarily driven by the HV power transmission and offshore oil and gas industries. One of the early major installations was a 138kV gas-filled cable run 25.3km from the British Columbia mainland to Vancouver island (183m water depth) in 1958.
Subsea Cable Design.
There are many ways to manufacture a cable, and there is no standard design to which all vendors will necessarily adhere.